Which type of trait is typically influenced by fewer genes in crops?

Qualitative traits are typically influenced by fewer genes, often a single or just a few genes. These traits usually exhibit distinct and observable characteristics that can be categorized easily, such as flower color, seed shape, and disease resistance. Because they are governed by a limited number of genes, their inheritance patterns follow Mendelian principles more closely, resulting in clear phenotypic variations in populations.

In contrast, quantitative traits are influenced by multiple genes and exhibit continuous variation, such as height or yield in crops. These traits are often more complex and do not adhere as neatly to Mendelian ratios, which complicates their breeding and selection. Allelic traits are a subset of genetic traits focusing specifically on variations in alleles but do not inherently specify the influence of a limited number of genes. Environmental traits, on the other hand, are influenced by external factors rather than directly by genetic makeup.

Thus, qualitative traits stand out due to their straightforward inheritance and limited genetic influence, making them an important focus in crop breeding and biotechnology.