Which technique is commonly used in agricultural biotechnology to enhance crop traits?

Gene editing is a transformative technique in agricultural biotechnology that allows for precise modifications of an organism's DNA. This technology, including methods like CRISPR-Cas9, enables scientists to make targeted changes to specific genes. By doing so, researchers can enhance desirable traits in crops, such as increased yield, disease resistance, or drought tolerance. This precision means that unintended effects are minimized compared to more traditional methods of genetic modification.

Unlike conventional breeding methods, which can take many generations and may introduce unwanted traits, gene editing can directly alter the genetic makeup of a plant in a much more efficient and predictable manner. This capability positions gene editing as a pivotal tool in the quest to meet global food needs and adapt to climate changes, ensuring food security.

In contrast, mutation breeding involves inducing random mutations in the DNA of plants, which can lead to the development of new traits but also comes with greater uncertainty and challenge in screening for beneficial changes. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, primarily focused on cultivation techniques rather than genetic improvement. Soil improvement involves enhancing the growing medium's quality, which can support better yields but does not directly manipulate plant genetics. Thus, gene editing stands out as the most direct and innovative approach for enhancing crop traits in agricultural biotechnology