Which biotechnology technique aids in producing disease-resistant crops?

Genetic engineering is a powerful biotechnology technique that enables the manipulation of an organism's DNA to achieve desired traits, such as disease resistance in crops. By identifying specific genes associated with resistance to particular diseases, scientists can introduce these genes into the genomic framework of other crops that may lack this ability. This direct alteration can lead to the development of varieties that effectively resist pathogens, providing both economic benefits to farmers and increased food security by reducing crop losses due to disease.

In contrast, selective breeding, although an important agricultural practice, relies on the natural variation in existing crops and involves breeding plants over several generations to enhance desired traits. While it can lead to disease resistance, the process is generally less precise and slower than genetic engineering. Organic fertilization and soil enrichment focus on improving soil health and fertility rather than genetic modifications, making them less relevant to the specific aim of producing disease-resistant crops.