What is the process called in which light energy is converted into simple sugars?

The process in which light energy is converted into simple sugars is known as photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants, algae, and some bacteria utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. This fundamental biological process occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures light energy.

Photosynthesis can be divided into two main stages: the light-dependent reactions, which capture and convert solar energy into chemical energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH), and the light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle), where this chemical energy is used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. This conversion is essential not only for plants but also for all organisms that rely on plants as their primary source of energy.

Understanding photosynthesis is vital in agricultural biotechnology, as enhancing this process can lead to increased crop yields and improved food security.