What is one of the roles microorganisms play in agricultural biotechnology?

Microorganisms are vital in agricultural biotechnology, particularly in their role of improving soil health and controlling pests. They contribute to soil fertility through processes such as nitrogen fixation, decomposition of organic matter, and nutrient cycling, which enhance the availability of essential nutrients to plants. Additionally, beneficial microorganisms can act as biocontrol agents, inhibiting the growth of plant pathogens or pest insects, thus reducing the need for synthetic pesticides. This natural pest control is not only effective but also more sustainable, supporting an ecosystem's balance and promoting agricultural resilience.

In contrast, while genetic modification of crops and breeding of transgenic animals are significant areas in agricultural biotechnology, these processes primarily involve genetic engineering techniques rather than the direct roles of microorganisms. The increased use of chemical fertilizers tends to be counterproductive to the health of soil microbiomes, potentially harming the beneficial microorganisms that play supportive roles. Therefore, recognizing the importance of microorganisms in enhancing soil health and providing natural pest control showcases their crucial role in sustainable agricultural practices.