What is involved in the process of genetic engineering?

The process of genetic engineering primarily involves isolating and manipulating genes. This practice allows scientists to directly alter an organism's genetic material to introduce new traits or enhance existing characteristics. Techniques such as CRISPR, gene cloning, and recombinant DNA technology are commonly employed in genetic engineering. These methods enable precise changes at the molecular level, which can lead to advancements in agricultural biotechnology, such as developing crops with improved resistance to pests, diseases, and adverse environmental conditions.

In contrast, cross-breeding similar species, using only natural selection, and creating hybrids through natural processes fall under traditional breeding methods and evolutionary practices, where genetic exchange occurs naturally over time rather than through targeted, engineered interventions. While these methods may also lead to beneficial traits, they do not involve the specificity and control inherent in genetic engineering, which focuses on manipulating genes directly to achieve desired outcomes in a more efficient and predictable manner.